ANTIOXIDANTS They’re chemicals that fight a process in your cells called oxidation. The main source is plant-based foods, but your body makes some, too. You’re probably familiar with vitamins C and E, betacarotene, and the minerals selenium and manganese. Plant nutrients and chemicals like flavonoids, phenols, polyphenols, and phytoestrogens are also antioxidants.
Each one works differently. Together they form a team that fights free radicals. These chemicals block the oxidation process that damages your cells and the genetic material inside them. Your body makes free radicals as it processes food, sunlight, and toxins like smoke, pollution, and alcohol. Antioxidants either stop free radicals before they form or break them down so they’re harmless.
Vitamin E: This antioxidant is stored in fat (you may hear it called fat-soluble). It fights off free radicals that attack fats in your cell walls. It may also stop LDL cholesterol from turning into a form that could harden your arteries (your doctor may call it oxidized) and lead to cardiovascular disease.
Where to get it: Whole grains, vegetable oils (olive, sunflower, canola), nuts, and green leafy vegetables.
Vitamin C: Also known as ascorbic acid, it’s stored in water (you may hear it called watersoluble). It may help prevent cancers of the stomach, lung, and digestive system.
Where to get it: Green vegetables, tomatoes, and citrus fruits like oranges and grapefruits. Choose raw foods because cooking may destroy it.
Beta-Carotene: It’s a fat-soluble carotenoid (those are the yellow, orange, and red pigments in vegetables and fruits). Your body turns it into retinol, which helps you see. It may be dangerous when taken in supplement form, so it’s best when it comes from food.
Where to get it: Fruits, grains, carrots, squash, spinach, and other green vegetables.
Lycopene: This carotenoid may help protect against prostate, lung, and breast cancer.
Where to get it: Cooked and processed tomatoes are a good and common source: Think marinara sauce on your pasta. Heating the tomatoes makes it easier for your body to absorb the lycopene. Add a bit of fat like olive oil to further help your body use this nutrient.
Selenium: Found in soil and water, this mineral helps your thyroid work. Research suggests it can help protect against cancer, especially of the lung, colon, and prostate. It’s easy to get too much if you take it as a supplement. That can lead to digestive problems, hair and nail loss, and even cirrhosis of the liver.
Where to get it: Grains, onions, garlic, nuts, soybeans, seafood, meat, and liver.
Flavonoides: Scientists know about more than 4,000 of these antioxidants found in fruits and veggies. Every plant contains a different flavonoid combination. They may help protect against heart disease, cancer, arthritis, aging, cataracts, memory loss, stroke, inflammation, and infection.
Where to get them: Green tea, grapes, red wine, apples, chocolate, and berries.
Omega 3 and Omega 6 Fatty Acids: Omega-3s help protect against heart disease, stroke, arthritis, cataracts, and cancer. Omega-6s help improve eczema, psoriasis, and osteoporosis. Your body can’t make these essential fatty acids, which help stop inflammation. And most Americans get far more omega 6 in their diet and far less omega 3 than they need. Eating less omega 6 and more omega 3 is a recommended goal for many. Just keep in mind that a balanced ratio is four parts omega-6 to 1 part omega 3. There are supplements, but it’s better when these fatty acids come from food.
Where to get them:
• Omega-3s: Salmon, tuna, sardines, walnuts
• Omega-6s: Vegetable oils, nuts, poultry
Can’t you get a pill instead?: Nope. Long-term studies on tens of thousands of people show that antioxidants in pill form don’t lower your odds of bad health. People who took them got heart disease, cancer, and cataracts at the same rate as those who didn’t. One exception is age-related macular degeneration. Antioxidant supplements slowed progress a little for some people in late stages of this eye disease.
Venomous snakes and snakebites
There are 4 types of venomous snakes in the US: rattlesnakes, copperheads, cottonmouths, and coral snakes. Rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths are often called “pit vipers” due to the heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils that help them sense prey. About 7500 venomous snakebites occur annually in the US, and rattlesnake bites account for about half of reported venomous snakebites. Most snakebites occur in the spring, summer, and early fall.
What Should People Bitten by a Venomous Snake Do and Not Do?
People bitten by a venomous snake should move to a safe area away from the snake and call 911. Jewelry and accessories in places close to the bite should be removed before swelling increases. If available, soap and water should be used to wash the bite area.
People bitten by a snake should not pick up the snake (even if it’s dead), trap it, or kill it. Additionally, it is not recommended to apply a tourniquet or pressure bandage to the affected arm or leg, attempt to suck out the venom or cut into the wound, or apply ice, salves, or herbal remedies to the bite site. Because venom can cause fainting, people with venomous snakebites should not drive themselves to the hospital.
Antivenom is a specialized medication composed of antibodies from the blood plasma of animals (usually horses or sheep) that have been immunized with venom. Antivenom can be administered intravenously to neutralize the venom in people who have been bitten by a venomous snake. This treatment can help prevent the progression of severe symptoms. A medical toxicologist or Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222) can help determine which patients with venomous snakebites may benefit from antivenom therapy.